Research progress on the effectiveness of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection / 中华流行病学杂志

With the expansion of mpox virus infection from endemic to a global epidemic in 2022, the WHO declared that the mpox event constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the high degree of gene sequence similarity among orthopox viruses and cross-reactive antibodies induced by orthoviruses, smallpox vaccination may affect the immune response induced by mpox virus infection. The analysis of the protective effects of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection will help define the focus of prevention and control. In this review, we clarify the protection of the smallpox vaccine against mpox virus infection by analyzing the correlation between smallpox vaccination, immune response status, and clinical data and providing evidence for the prevention, control, and strategies of mpox epidemics.

Effects of the ROCK1 gene on proliferation and migration of and related molecular expression in keloid fibroblasts / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate effects of the ROCK1 gene on proliferation and migration of and related molecular expression in keloid fibroblasts.Methods:Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect ROCK1 protein expression in human keloids and normal skin tissues, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of ROCK1, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and E-cadherin in keloid tissues. In vitro cultured human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) were divided into 4 groups: ROCK1 gene overexpression control group (ROCK1 NC group) transfected with ROCK1 gene overexpression control vectors, ROCK1 gene overexpression group (ROCK1 OE group) transfected with ROCK1 gene overexpression vectors, ROCK1 gene knockdown control group (sh NC group) transfected with ROCK1 gene knockdown control vectors, and ROCK1 gene knockdown group (shROCK1 group) transfected with ROCK1 gene knockdown vectors. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate the effect of ROCK1 gene on the survival rate of HKFs, Transwell assay to evaluate the effect on the migration of HKFs, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression of ROCK1, TGF-β1 and E-cadherin, respectively. Results:Immunohistochemical study showed that ROCK1 protein expression decreased significantly in the human keloid tissues compared with the normal tissues ( t = 6.47, P = 0.003) ; Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of ROCK1 and E-cadherin significantly decreased ( t = 14.02, 162.20, respectively, both P < 0.001), while TGF-β1 expression significantly increased ( t = 76.01, P < 0.001) in the keloid tissues compared with the expression levels of corresponding proteins in the normal tissues. CCK8 assay showed that the cell activity was significantly lower in the ROCK1 OE group than in the ROCK1 NC group after 24-hour transfection ( t = 3.25, 3.78, P = 0.031, 0.019, respectively), and significantly higher in the shROCK1 group than in the sh NC group ( t = 3.12, 2.79, P = 0.036, 0.049, respectively). Transwell assay showed that the number of migratory cells was significantly lower in the ROCK1 OE group than in the ROCK1 NC group ( t = 5.17, P = 0.004), and significantly higher in the shROCK1 group than in the sh NC group ( t = 9.28, P < 0.001). Compared with the ROCK1 NC group, the ROCK1 OE group showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of ROCK1 and E-cadherin ( P < 0.05 or < 0.001), but decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 (both P < 0.001) ; compared with the sh NC group, the shROCK1 group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of ROCK1 and E-cadherin ( P < 0.05 or < 0.001), but significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β1 ( P = 0.005 or < 0.001) . Conclusions:The ROCK1 gene can inhibit the proliferation and migration of HKFs. Overexpression of the ROCK1 gene can down-regulate the TGF-β1 gene expression and up-regulate the E-cadherin gene expression in HKFs.

Influencing Factors of Intestinal Metaplasia or Atypical Hyperplasia in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Patients and Prediction Model Establishment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors of intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） patients and establish a prediction model. MethodThe clinical records and laboratory examination data of 335 CAG patients treated in the department of gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June 2016 to June 2021 were collected. Single and multiple Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors of intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia in CAG patients by SPSS 26.0. A prediction model was constructed based on the data of the related influencing factors. In addition, 115 CAG patients diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as external validation samples to verify and evaluate the prediction efficiency of the constructed prediction model. ResultMultiple Logistic regression analysis showed that pepsinogen Ⅰ［odds ratio（OR） 0.994，95% confidence interval（CI） （0.990，0.999），P<0.05］，the number of focus［OR 6.765，95% CI（3.831，11.945），P<0.01］， and Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection［OR 0.546，95% CI（0.335，0.888），P<0.05］ were independent risk factors for intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia in CAG patients（P<0.05）. The formula of the prediction model is as follows：P=-1.558+0.606×Hp infection-0.006×pepsinogen Ⅰ+1.912×the number of focus. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve showed the specific parameters as below： the area under the ROC curve of 0.76，the Youden index of 0.443，the best cut-off value of 0.52，sensitivity of 0.533，and specificity of 0.910. The prediction model was applied to the data of patients in the validation group for validation，and the predictive efficiency of the model was tested by decision curve analysis （DCA）. The results showed that the model had a good fit and high predictive value. ConclusionPepsinogen Ⅰ，the number of focus， and Hp infection are independent risk factors for intestinal metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia in CAG patients. The prediction model constructed based on these factors has a good fit and high predictive value，which can provide references for the classification of CAG patients and the formulation of individual treatment protocols.

Sexual behavioral characters of 321 HIV-positive MSM in Wuhan Jingyingtan Hospital / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To study the sexual behavioral characters of HIV-positive men who have sex with men(MSM) with different age group and different sexual orientation. Mehtods A total of 321 newly-diagnosed HIV-positive MSM were selected by convenience sampling from January 2016 to February 2019 in Wuhan Jingyingtan Hospital. All the interviews were performed by doctors one by one and face by face. Spss 23.0 software was used to analyse the difference of sexual behavioral characters in different age groups and sexual orientations. Results Among 321 MSM patients , 44.24% were ≤35 years, 33.02% were 36-59 years, 22.74% were ≥60 years. Homosexuality accounted for 44.86%, bisexuality 20.25%, heterosexuality were 24.30%, and other sexual orientation accounted for 10.59%. Internet was the main way for ≤35 years old group to look for fixed partners, while friends, colleagues and classmates were the main way for 36-59 years old group and ≥60 years old group. There was significant difference in the ways of looking for partners among different age groups（χ2=136.50，P=0.00）. The main way for ≤35 years old and 36-59 years old group to find temporary partners was internet, and the main way for ≥60 years old group to find temporary partners was from friends, colleagues and classmates, there was a significant difference in different age groups in the way to find temporary partners（χ2=69.66，P=0.00）. The age of first male sexual activity was the lowest in homosexual MSM cases, followed by bisexual MSM cases, and the highest in heterosexual MSM cases. The age of first male sexual activity was significantly different in different homosexual orientation MSM cases （F=32.52，P=0.00）. Conclusion When taking intervention measures, the sexual behavior difference in different age groups and different sexual orientations should be considered.

Utility of GPR68 and TIL in TPF-induced chemotherapy and prognosis evaluation in middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 68 (GPR68) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in TPF-(paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) induced chemotherapy for middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Methods: A total of 31 patients with middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma before TPF-inducted chemotherapy were enrolled from September 2012 to November 2017 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, including 28 males and 3 females, aged 43 to 71 years old. The expression of GPR68 and tumor infiltrating CD4+and CD8+T cells before chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationships between GPR68 expression and clinical features, chemotherapy efficacy and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using t-test. Results: After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, there were 4, 14, 10 and 3 patients respectively with complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). The positive rates of GPR68 and CD8 were 25% and 40% respectively in the effective group (CR+PR), while 50% and 15% in the ineffective group (SD+PD), with statistically significant differences between two groups (t=5.17 and 12.86,P<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that GPR68 was negatively correlated with CD8+T cells (r=-0.64,P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between the CD4 expression and TPF efficacy (P>0.05). The mean OS was 12.5 months in patients with high-expressed GPR68 and 25.0 months in patients with low-expressed GPR68, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.005). And mean OS was 25.0 months in patients with high-expressed CD8 and 14.5 months in low-expressed CD8, with a statistically significant difference (HR=2.58, P=0.019). Cox regression analysis showed that GPR68 and CD8+T cells were significant prognostic factors (OR(95%CI)=3.27(2.46-5.97) and 1.53(0.78-1.82), all P<0.05), while CD4 had no significant effect on prognosis (P>0.05). Conclusion: GPR68 and CD8+T cells are expected to be biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of TPF-induced chemotherapy in patients with middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Effect of shortening of levator palpebrae complex on combined fascial sheath suspension in severe blepharoptosis / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the treatment of levator complex in conjoint fascial sheath suspension correction on severe ptosis, and to seek a reliable and less complications operation.Methods:From October 2016 to February 2020, 40 eyes of 24 patients with severe ptosis (6 males and 18 females, aged from 10 to 73 years, with an average of 34.4 years) were divided into study group and control group. 20 eyes in study group were treated with combined fascia sheath suspension and levator palpebrae muscle complex tension-free shortening correction, while 20 eyes in control group were treated with combined fascia sheath suspension and levator palpebrae muscle complex tension-free shortening correction The effects and complications of the two groups were compared.Results:Follow-up studies were conducted at 1 week, 3 month and 6 months after operation. There was no significant difference between the two methods at different time points after operation, and the incidence of complications in the study group was less than that in the control group at 1 week after operation.Conclusions:Combined with fascial sheath suspension and levator palpebrae muscle complex tension-free shortening in the treatment of severe blepharoptosis has less complications and reliable curative effect in the early postoperative period, but it still needs to be improved to obtain more lasting curative effect.

Study of feasibility of exchanging intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans after beam matching on two Linacs / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the clinical implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with 6MV photon on two Elekta Linacs (Versa HD and Synergy) after beam matching.Methods:The images of 12 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, central lung cancer and prostate cancer were randomly selected, and the IMRT and VMAT plans were designed. Two different dose tools of ionization chamber and three-dimensional detector ArcCheck were used to verify the individualized radiation treatment of 6MV photon beams on two Linacs and compare the differences.Results:The deviations between the doses of two Linacs (Versa HD and Synergy) measured by the ion chamber and treatment planning system were (0.32±1.32)% and (0.54±1.29)%. The differences of all plans were within the range of ±3%, and the deviations of the point dose between two Linacs were within the range of ±2% with no statistical significance (both P>0.05). The γ analysis of verification using ArcCheck showed that the passing rates of all plans under the 2mm/3% and 3mm/3% with 10% threshold conditions were over 95%, respectively. The average differences between two Linacs were 0.19%(2mm/3%) and 0.09%(3mm/3%). Conclusions:The results of performing IMRT/VMAT plans on two Linacs meet the clinical requirements and the differences between two Linacs are small. Hence, the same plans can be implemented interchangeably on different Linacs.

Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Juice Suppresses A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells via Inhibiting AKT/Nuclear Factor-κ B Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of Morinda citrifolia (noni).@*METHODS@#The influences of noni juice on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and the activity of AKT/nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells were detected by MTT, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, Annexin V/PI double labeling, transwell, scratch test and immunoblotting assay, respectively. A549 cells were inoculated into the right axilla of nude mice, followed by noni juice treatment. The body weight of the nude mice was weighed, and the tumor volume and weight were measured. Cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the activity of NF- κ B signaling pathway was measured by immunoblotting.@*RESULTS@#The in vitro studies showed that noni juice inhibited the A549 cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Noni juice also promoted cells apoptosis in A549 cells. Immunoblotting assay showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT, p50, and STAT3 proteins was inhibited to different extents after noni juice treatment. The in vivo studies showed that noni juice effectively suppressed tumor formation of A549 cells in nude mice. Noni juice treatment inhibited the expression of Ki67, PCNA, and Bcl-2 protein in the tumor; while promoted the expression of caspase-3 protein. Additionally, we also found that noni juice treatment could restrain the activity of AKT/NF- κ B signaling pathway in the tumor tissue.@*CONCLUSION@#Noni juice inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion and migration via regulating AKT/NF- κ B signaling pathway.

Effect of social support on depression combined with post-traumatic stress disorder among people newly-diagnosed with HIV/AIDS / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of social support on depression-posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) comorbidity among people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(PLWHA).Methods:Using questionnaire to one-to-one investigate the newly-diagnosed PLWHA in Wuhan Jingyintan Hospital HIV/AIDS clinic from October 2016 to February 2019. The content of the questionnaire included general demographic characteristics, HIV-related high-risk behaviors before diagnosis, social support, depression and PTSD.Patients with depression and PTSD were collected as P+ D group.Patients without depression or PTSD were collected as N group. The statistical software was SPSS 21.0. Chi-square test, t test and rank sum test were used to compare the differences between the two groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of depression combined with PTSD. Results:Among 320 PLWHA, 72 subjects(22.50%) had depression with PTSD(P+ D group), 161 subjects(50.31%) had neither depression nor PTSD(N group). Between the two groups, the differences of constituent ratios of gender(χ 2=9.84), routes of infection(χ 2=11.16), whether ever used drug(χ 2=30.00)were statistically significant(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of social support((30.64±10.90) vs (25.51±8.55)), objective social support((7.20±3.08) vs (5.76±2.24)), subjective social support((16.70±6.87) vs (14.04±5.61)) and utility of social support((6.74±2.59) vs (5.71±2.60)( t=3.56, 3.57, 2.88, 2.81, all P<0.05). The results of Logistic analysis revealed that gender as male( β=-1.48, OR= 0.23, 95% CI=0.09-0.61) was protective factor for depression co-occuring with PTSD, while lower level of social support ( β=1.40, OR=4.05, 95% CI=1.36-12.10) was a risk factor. Conclusion:The prevalence of depression co-occuring with PTSD in PLWHA is high. The influence of gender and social support should be paid more attention to PLWHA.

Advance in Human Motion Intention Recognition Based on Surface Electromyography (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To summarize the methods and results of human motion intention recognition based on the surface electromyography. Methods:Literatures were retrieved and reviewed from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP until December, 2020. The experimental researches about human motion intention recognition based on surface electromyography were summarized. Results:The methods of motion intention recognition were divided into three models: musculoskeletal model, traditional machine learning model and deep learning model. Conclusion:It is difficult to fully estimate human motion intention using surface electromyography in a single way. More researches are needed to develop more accurate and real-time human motion intention recognition methods.

Evaluation of plan quality for IMPT and VMAT in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the dosimetric characteristics and plan quality of PTV-based intensity modulated proton radiotherapy (IMPT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer,so as to provide a reference for clinical application.Methods A total of 10 prostate cancer cases were included in this retrospective study.IMPT and RapidArc plans were designed by RayStation and Eclipse TPS based on PTV,respectively.For each case,IMPT plans were generated using multiple field optimization (MFO) technique with two parallel-opposed lateral fields,whereas RapidArc plans were generated using double-arc technique (two full arcs).Final dose calculation of IMPT was conducted by pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm,respectively,with adopted data model from the pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy system of IBA Protues Plus (IBA Group,Belgium);The data model originated from the linear accelerator of Varian Clinac iX (Varian Medical Systems,America) was used for RapidArc plans.Dosimetric parameters of DVH and dose distribution were used to compare the dose differences in targets and organs at risk (OARs) between these two treatment techniques.Results For targets,HIs of PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT were slightly better than that of RapidArc,but CI of IMPT was slightly lower than that of RapidArc;D1 of PB-IMPT was significantly better than those of MC-IMPT and RapidArc (Z =-2.805,-2.803,P ＜ 0.05).PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT achieved better protection than RapidArc on rectum V30 (Z =-2.191,-1.988,P＜ 0.05) and D (Z =-2.599,-2.497,P＜0.05),bladder V30 (Z=-2.701,-2.701,P＜0.05),V40 (Z=-2.395,-2.395,P＜0.05) and D (Z =-2.701,-2.701,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT plans for prostate cancer,except for the D1％ [(73.86t67.34) Gy vs.(75.45±2.01) Gy] (RBE) and HI [(0.040±0.010) vs.(0.058±0.020)] of the target.Conclusions Both techniques can meet the clinical requirements,but IMPT showed significant dosimetric advantages compared with RapidArch by reducing the dose to OARs and improving the plan quality.

Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with incomplete lower limb paralysis in a patient with COVID-19 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Since December 2019, COVID-19, an acute infectious disease, has gradually become a global threat. We report a case of thoracolumbar fractures (T and L) and incomplete lower limb paralysis in a patient with COVID-19. After a series of conservative treatment which did not work at all, posterior open reduction and pedicle screw internal fixation of the thoracolumbar fracture were performed in Wuhan Union Hospital. Three weeks later, the patient could stand up and the pneumonia is almost cured. We successfully performed a surgery in a COVID-19 patient, and to our knowledge it is the first operation for a COVID-19 patient ever reported.

Evaluation of plan quality for IMPT and VMAT in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To study the dosimetric characteristics and plan quality of PTV-based intensity modulated proton radiotherapy (IMPT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer, so as to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#A total of 10 prostate cancer cases were included in this retrospective study. IMPT and RapidArc plans were designed by RayStation and Eclipse TPS based on PTV, respectively. For each case, IMPT plans were generated using multiple field optimization (MFO) technique with two parallel-opposed lateral fields, whereas RapidArc plans were generated using double-arc technique (two full arcs). Final dose calculation of IMPT was conducted by pencil beam(PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, respectively, with adopted data model from the pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy system of IBA Protues Plus(IBA Group, Belgium); The data model originated from the linear accelerator of Varian Clinac iX (Varian Medical Systems, America) was used for RapidArc plans. Dosimetric parameters of DVH and dose distribution were used to compare the dose differences in targets and organs at risk (OARs) between these two treatment techniques.@*Results@#For targets, HIs of PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT were slightly better than that of RapidArc , but CI of IMPT was slightly lower than that of RapidArc; D1% of PB-IMPT was significantly better than those of MC-IMPT and RapidArc (Z=-2.805, -2.803, P<0.05). PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT achieved better protection than RapidArc on rectum V30(Z=-2.191, -1.988, P<0.05)and Dmean(Z=-2.599, -2.497, P<0.05), bladder V30(Z=-2.701, -2.701, P<0.05), V40(Z=-2.395, -2.395, P<0.05)and Dmean(Z=-2.701, -2.701, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between PB-IMPT and MC-IMPT plans for prostate cancer, except for the D1% [(73.86±67.34) Gy vs.(75.45±2.01) Gy] (RBE) and HI [(0.040±0.010) vs. (0.058±0.020)] of the target.@*Conclusions@#Both techniques can meet the clinical requirements, but IMPT showed significant dosimetric advantages compared with RapidArch by reducing the dose to OARs and improving the plan quality.

Formation mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps and their role in liver diseases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been found to be a new immune mechanism for neutrophils to kill pathogens. The main component of NETs is DNA, with granular proteins of different sizes attached to the surface. NETs play different roles in various liver diseases such as hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This article reviews the formation mechanism, structure, and role of NETs in liver diseases.

Allelopathic Effect of Water Extracts from Rhizosphere Soil of Three Medicinal Plants on Polygala tenuifolia Seeds and Their Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the allelopathic effects of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica on seed germination and seedling growth of Polygala tenuifolia， screen the stubble varieties suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia， and provide some scientific basis for continuous cropping obstacles of P. tenuifolia. Method:The bioassay method was used to study the effects of rhizosphere soil water extracts from three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica at concentrations of 0.3，0.6，0.9 g·mL-1 on the germination of P. tenuifolia seed and seedling growth. Result:The rhizosphere soil water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pinellia ternata showed basically low-promotion and high-inhibition concentration effects on the final germination rate，germination potential，and germination index of P. tenuifolia seeds，while the water extract of Isatis indigotica showed significant allelopathic inhibition effect. All three rhizosphere soil water extracts showed significant allelopathic inhibition effects on the growth index of P. tenuifolia seedlings. Among them，the rhizosphere soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa showed lower inhibitory effect on the plant height and root length of P. tenuifolia seedlings than the other two water extracts. The photosynthetic pigment content，proline（Pro） content，and soluble sugar content of P. tenuifolia chinensis seedlings were the highest under 0.3 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa， with relatively higher content of soluble protein， and relatively lower content of hydrogen oxide（H2O2）. Under the treatment of 0.9 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa，P. tenuifolia seedlings had the highest peroxidase（POD） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities，low catalase（CAT） activity，and lowest content of malondialdehyde（MDA）. Conclusion:Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above experimental data and allelopathic effects，the water extract of rhizosphere of Rehmannia glutinosa can promote the germination of P. tenuifolia seeds to a certain extent，and lay the foundation for seedling resistance to biochemical stress. Therefore， Rehmannia glutinosa is more suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia.

Acceptance tests of beam performance for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton system of IBA / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the beam performance of GTR 360° PBS dedicated nozzle for IBA Proteus Plus proton system and evaluate the beam characteristics of PBS during acceptance test procedure (ATP) to meet the precision and safety requirements of clinical treatment.Methods:According to the requirements of acceptance tests, the beam tests of PBS mainly included: test of integrated depth dose (IDD), test of maximum field size at the maximum and minimum ranges, field uniformity and informative PBS tests for the GTR 360°, test of lateral dose uniformity in a single field uniform dose in a cube, test of longitudinal dose uniformity in a single field uniform dose in a cube, and test of monitor unit reproducibility and proportionality.Results:The maximum deviation measured of range, fall back accuracy and distal fall-off was 0.03 g/m 2, 0.01 g/m 2 and 0.078 g/m 2, respectively. Maximum field size at the maximum and minimum ranges was 30.2 cm×40.2 cm and 30.1 cm×40.1 cm, respectively. During the different gantry angles and ranges, the lowest γ passing rate of a pattern plan was 97%, the maximum deviation of the centrical beam spot size at the X and Y axes was -0.16 mm and -0.21 mm, and the worst symmetry was 0.80%. Compared with the centrical beam spot, the maximum size deviation of the other beam spots was 0.11 mm and 0.14 mm at the X and Y axes, and the maximum position accuracy deviation of the beam spot was 0.60 mm and 0.43 mm at the X and Y axes. The maximum deviation of lateral dose uniformity at at the X and Y axes was 0.55% and 0.80% in the high energy region, and 0.6% and 0.75% in the low energy region. The maximum deviation of longitudinal dose uniformity was 0.79% in the high energy region, and 2.22% in the low energy region. The monitor unit (MU) reproducibility factor was 0.106% and the maximum proportionality deviation was 0.67%. Conclusion:The dedicated nozzle of PBS has passed all the beam performance acceptance tests, which meet the requirements of all parameters, and the whole system yields relatively high accuracy, repeatability and good stability.

Effect of Different Hormone Ratios on Callus Induction and Flavone Accumulation in Polygala tenuifolia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different hormone ratios on the callus induction of roots,stems and leaves of Polygala tenuifolia,and determine and analyze the amount of flavonoids in roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia. Method:With MS as the basic medium and roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia sterile seedings as explants,the effects of 2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA on callus induction and flavonoid accumulation in different parts of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia were determined by orthogonal test. Result:2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA had significant effects on the callus induction rate of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia. The optimal callus induction combination of leaves was MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA,the optimal callus induction combination of stems was MS+1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+3.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA,the optimal callus induction combination for roots was MS+1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA. And 2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA had significant effects on flavonoid accumulation in the stem callus of P. tenuifolia,and MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA was the best flavonoid accumulation combination.NAA,6-BA had significant effects on flavonoid accumulation in the leave callus of P. tenuifolia,while 2,4-D had no significant effect,and MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+2.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA was the optimal flavonoid accumulation combination,the three hormones had no significant effect on the accumulation of flavonoids in the root callus of P. tenuifolia,and MS+2.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA was the best flavonoid accumulation combination. Conclusion:Under the conditions,the callus induction rate of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia is 100%, especially, the callus of P. tenuifolia leaves was the optimal,which is followed by P. tenuifolia stems and P. tenuifolia roots. Under the conditions,the amount of flavonoids in roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia reach 21.31,24.56,23.61 mg·g-1,respectively.

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) on Content of Total Phenol Flavonoids and Activity of Related Enzymes in Polygala tenuifolia Callus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the changes in total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant enzyme activity of Polygala tenuifolia callus in MS medium with different concentrations of H2O2,in order to explore the physiological mechanism of Polygala tenuifolia callus in adapting to H2O2 environmental stress at the cellular level. Method:Five gradients of 0,5,10,15,20 mmol·L-1 were set for H2O2 concentration and added to MS medium, with P. tenuifolia callus as the experimental material. Total phenols,total flavonoids and antioxidant enzyme activities of callus were determined after 5,10,15,20,25 d of culture,respectively. Result:The contents of total phenols and flavonoids were the highest when the concentration of H2O2 was 5 mmol·L-1 for 15 d. The SOD activity was the highest when the callus was cultured for 5 d and the exogenous H2O2 concentration was 5 mmol·L-1. POD activity was the highest at 25 d and 5 mmol·L-1 concentration of exogenous H2O2.CAT activity was the highest at 25 d and 15 mmol·L-1 concentration of exogenous H2O2. Conclusion:P. tenuifolia callus has the ability to adapt to the environmental stress of H2O2 at a certain concentration. When it is subjected to the environmental stress of H2O2,P. tenuifolia callus can alleviate the damage by regulating its secondary metabolites and protecting enzyme system. It can significantly promote the content of total phenols and flavonoids in secondary metabolites at 5-10 mmol·L-1. SOD activity was significantly increased at 5 d and the concentration of exogenous H2O2 of 5 mmol·L-1. POD activity was significantly increased at 25 d and the concentration of exogenous H2O2 of 5 mmol·L-1. CAT activity was significantly increased at 25 d and concentration of exogenous H2O2 of 15 mmol·L-1.

Effects of heme oxygenase-1 knockdown on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and its mechanism / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) knockdown on proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and explore the mechanism.@*Methods@#The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, H358 and H1993) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression level of HO-1 in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. The HO-1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into A549 cells by RNA interference technique. HO-1 stably deleted A549 cells were selected (HO-1 shRNA group) and verified by RT-qPCR and western blot. HO-1 shRNA A549 cells and control shRNA A549 cells were treated with the inducer of autophagy Torin1 or its inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), respectively. The expressions of autophagic markers LC3B and p62 were determined by western blot. The proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of each group of A549 cells were assessed by cell counting, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively.@*Results@#The expressions of HO-1 mRNA in lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, H358 and H1993) were significantly higher than that of HBECs, and HO-1 upregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma. The expression of p62 protein and the ratio of LC3B-Ⅱ/ LC3B-Ⅰ in no treatment group, Torin1 treatment group and Baf A1 treatment group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group (P<0.05). After 11 days of culture, the number of cells in HO-1 shRNA group were 41.8%, 30.4% and 14.0% of the corresponding control group, respectively. The number of lower chamber cells in HO-1 shRNA group were (35.7±2.1), (27.0±1.0) and (38.0±1.0)/field, respectively, which were lower than (66.0±9.2), (39.3±1.2) and (43.0±2.6)/field of the corresponding control group, respectively (P<0.05). The migration distances of HO-1 shRNA group were (7.47±0.91) mm, (4.23±0.82) mm and (5.42±0.24) mm, which were lower than (10.07±1.26) mm, (7.14±0.07) mm and (12.04±0.80) mm of the corresponding control groups, respectively (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Knockdown of HO-1 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of A549 cells by impeding autophagy.

Research progress of CD13-targeted molecular probe in tumor neovascularization imaging and therapy / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Tumor neovascularization plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Non-invasive quantification and detection of tumor neovascularization is crucial for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of cancer. Targeted molecular imaging has arisen in vascular targeting imaging and precise treatment based on the molecular characteristics of neovascularization. Aminopeptidase N (APN, or CD13) is a multifunctional membrane-bound exopeptidase that is overexpressed in neovascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells but rarely expressed in normal blood vessels, which makes it a potential target for tumor neovascularization imaging and anti-angiogenic therapy. This review summarizes the application progress and the future development trend of target molecular imaging and precise treatment based on CD13.